Nalan Xingde (1655-1685), whose original name was Chengde and whose courtesy name was Rongruo, was a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria and a native of Langjia Mountain. A famous poet in the Qing Dynasty. The style of writing is similar to that of Li Yu. Nalan was born into a distinguished family. His father was Nalan Mingzhu, a scholar of Wuying Palace during the Kangxi period. Nalan Xingde studied literature and martial arts since he was a child, and became a high school Jinshi in the fifteenth year of Kangxi (1676). He was initially awarded the third-class bodyguard title, and later promoted to the first-class bodyguard. He followed Kangxi around for many years.
Nalan Xingde was indifferent to fame and fortune by nature, and was best at writing lyrics. His words win with "truth": the descriptions of emotions are sincere and strong, and the descriptions of scenes are lifelike and vivid. Nalan Xingde was unique in the world of poetry in the early Qing Dynasty. His style of poetry was "clear and graceful, with a strong sense of sadness, high and far-reaching style, unique and direct to his heart." He was the author of "Tongzhitang Collection", "Biomao Collection", "Drinking Water Ci", etc. He died of cold illness in the 24th year of Kangxi (1685) at the age of thirty. Wang Guowei once evaluated Nalan Xingde's achievements in the world of poetry as "only one person since the Northern Song Dynasty."
Nalan Xingde (1655 January 19, 1685 - July 1, 1685, December 12, the eleventh year of Shunzhi in the Qing Dynasty - May 30, the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi's reign), Nala's original name was Chengde, later renamed Xingde, with the courtesy name Rongruo, nicknamed Yinshui, a native of Langjia Mountain, and Manchuria Zhenghuang Banner. He was one of the most famous poets in the Qing Dynasty. Together with Zhu Yizun and Chen Weisong, he was known as the "Three Great Masters of Qing Ci". "Nalan Ci" not only enjoys a high reputation in the poetry circle of the Qing Dynasty, but also occupies a place in the entire history of Chinese literature. At the age of twenty-four, he compiled and selected his own poems into a collection called Side Hat Ci. Later, he commissioned Gu Zhenguan to publish "Drinking Water Ci" in Wuzhong. Unfortunately, neither of these two collections of poems has been published today. Later, someone added and filled in the gaps in the two collections of poems, totaling 342 poems, and edited them into one place called "Nalan Ci". Today, there are a total of 348 poems in existence.
Name: Nalan Xingde
Occupation: Writer, poet
Alias: Langjiashan people
Nationality: Qing Dynasty, China
Ethnicity: Manchu
Birthplace: Beijing
Date of birth: January 19, 1655
Date of death: July 1, 1685
Other achievements: "Three Masters of Qing Ci"
Other works: "Side Hat Collection"
"Drinking Water Collection" 》
Other works: "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge"
Character Introduction
Nalan Xingde
Nalan Xingde (January 19, 1655, the twelfth lunar month in the eleventh year of Shunzhi - July 1, 1685, May 30th, the twenty-fourth year of Kangxi) was born on the bank of the Yehe River in the northeast of Weiyuanbao Town, Kaiyuan. He was a native of Zhenghuang Banner in Manchuria, a poet and scholar of the Qing Dynasty. Nala's family name is Rongruo, and his name is from Langjia Mountain. The names of the rooms are Tongzhitang, Lushui Pavilion, Coral Pavilion, Yuanyang Pavilion and Embroidered Buddha Room. The original name was Nalan Chengde. In order to avoid the name taboo of "Baocheng", the prince at that time, he changed his name to Nalan Xingde.
Nalan Xingde, maternal love Xinjue Luo Shi, is the daughter of Azig. Her father Nalan Mingzhu has served as the general manager of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, and the bachelor of Wuyingdian. Nalan Xingde entered Imperial College at the age of seventeen, passed the imperial examination at the age of eighteen, and passed the imperial examination at the age of nineteen. He did not take part in the palace examination because of cold illness. At the age of twenty-two, that is, in the fifteenth year of Kangxi (1676), he took the supplementary imperial examination[3] and ranked seventh in the second class, giving him the title of Jinshi. Kangxi loved his talents, and because he was a son of the Eight Banners, he was related to the royal family in his previous generation, and was also related to the biological mother of Kangxi's eldest son Yinti, Concubine Hui, so he was kept by Kangxi's side and was awarded the official position of a third-class bodyguard. Later, he was promoted to a first-class bodyguard. He accompanied Kangxi on many tours, and was ordered to go to Suolong (whose position is still divided among academic circles) to inspect the situation of Tsarist Russia's border invasion [1]. He died of a sudden illness on May 30, the 24th year of Kangxi's reign. He was only 30 years old (thirty-one years old) and was buried in the Nalan ancestral grave in Zaojiatun, West Beijing (today's Zaojiatun, Shangzhuang, Haidian District, Beijing). There is a biography in "Manuscript of Qing History". There are collections of Ci poems, "Zi Mao Ji" and "Drinking Ci Ci" published in the world, which are collectively known as "Nalan Ci" by later generations.
On May 30, the 24th year of Kangxi (July 1, 1685), Nalan Xingde died of illness at the age of 31. When Nalan Xingde was 20 years old, he married Lu, the daughter of Lu Xingzu, the governor of Guangdong and Guangxi. The two had a close relationship. Unfortunately, Lu died in childbirth three years after the marriage.Nalan Xingde married Tu Lai's granddaughter Guan again. A lecturer in "Baijia Forum" once said that before Nalan Xingde got married to Lu, he had an unforgettable love song with his cousin. After Lu's death, Nalan Xingde wrote many memorial poems. Later, he fell in love with a woman. There are poems to prove it, but the historical facts need to be verified. Nian Gengyao was his son-in-law.
When talking about Nalan Xingde's name, there is another theory that should be refuted: "Journal of Chengde Normal University for Nationalities" The first issue of 1993 published Liu Dehong's article "Three Questions on Nalan Xingde's Exploration of Secrets", which stated that Mingzhu's wife, Aixinjueluo, "gave birth to her eldest son Donglang on December 12, the 11th year of Shunzhi (January 19, 1655), who later became the great poet and lyricist Nalan Xingde." There is now a historical novel "Kangxi and His Love Rival" published, which also mentions that Nalan Xingde's nickname was "Donglang". In fact, it follows Mr. Huang Tianji's misunderstanding of Nalan Xingde's poem. There is a line in Xingde's "Library": "Donglang was very haggard all his life, and he was destined to wake up and get drunk with Sanlu." Donglang is the nickname of Han Wo, a poet of the Tang Dynasty, and "Donglang haggard" has become a literary allusion. Because Nalan Xingde was born on December 12th, I thought that his nickname might be "Donglang". In fact, the ancients called November as winter and December as December. Nalan Xingde's real name was "Cheng Ge" instead of "Dong Lang". During his lifetime, after serving as a palace guard, he changed his name from "Cheng De" to "Xing De". This is the conclusion reached through research based on the enlightenment given to us by Qianxue's "Avoiding the Suspicious Name in the East Palace".
Literary Features
Consideration of Object Properties
In Nalan's poems, there are many descriptions of scenery, especially water and loads. First of all, its special business is called "Lushui Pavilion". No matter what the current controversy is about the location of Lushui Pavilion, whether it is on the bank of Shichahai in the capital, at the foot of Yuquan Mountain in the western suburbs, or on the beach of the Yuhe River in Zaojiatun, its fiefdom, the word "water" cannot be separated from it. It is a building near water or a garden with water. Nalan Xingde had a special liking for water. In traditional Chinese culture, water is regarded as a living substance and is considered virtuous. And use the virtue of water to compare with the virtue of a gentleman. It nourishes all things, overcomes hardness with softness, and flows endlessly, giving it philosophical connotation from the perspective of material nature. This point is particularly valued by the poet Nalan Xingde.
After the Ming Dynasty established Beijing as its capital, many dignitaries built private gardens inside and outside the city. For example, the British Garden in the city, the Tsinghua Garden in the western suburbs of the imperial family Li Wei, and the Shaoyuan Garden in Caolang are all very famous. In the Qing Dynasty, especially the royal family began to carry out garden construction in the western suburbs. Starting from Changchun Garden and reaching the peak of Yuanmingyuan, three mountains and five gardens were almost the pinnacle in the history of ancient Chinese gardening. In order to follow suit, to facilitate their work, and even more to enjoy themselves, princes, princes, and ministers also purchased land in the western suburbs and built their own gardens and villas. The Pearl is just steps away from Changchun Garden, and "Ziyi Garden" is built. Taking advantage of the scenic beauty of Haidian and Xishan, a private garden with scenery like the south of the Yangtze River is constructed. And Nalan Xingde named his own business "Lushui Pavilion", firstly because of the water, and also because of the virtue of admiring water to compare with himself. He also titled his work "Lushui Pavilion Miscellaneous Knowledge". The poet took the meaning of the clear, calm and far-reaching flowing water, and took water as his friend and companion. He recuperated and took leisure here, wrote poems and lyrics, studied classics and history, wrote books, and invited guests to Yanji to gather poetry and books - a Taoist cultural salon. Even when he passed away, he did not leave his Lushui Pavilion. In contrast, in Haidian, a place with abundant water springs, the general Seng Gelinqin built a dry garden and built a mountain temple in the garden. Li Lianying, a powerful eunuch, bought three properties in the downtown area of Haidian Town, which are convenient for daily living but not interesting. Sally, a businessman from the clan, built a house on the thoroughfare, which was more ostentatious than elegant. Just imagine, if this great lyricist, whose nature is water and uses water to express his feelings, had no water, his emotional stimulation and creative inspiration would be greatly reduced, or even almost dry up. If he takes mountains as his theme and his feelings, then his art must have a different style.
In Nalan Xingde's poems, there are many descriptions of lotus. It is most appropriate to use the lotus flower to represent Mr. Nalan's noble character.Being able to emerge from the filth without being stained is a state advocated by literati. It originated from the relevant teachings of Buddhism, which regard the lotus as an otherworldly symbol. In traditional Chinese culture, the "Four Gentlemen" of plum, bamboo, orchid, and chrysanthemum, as well as pine, cypress, and lotus, are personified to give people their character, emotions, and aspirations, giving them specific cultural connotations and philosophical implications. Zheng Banqiao's bamboo, Jin Nong's plum, and Cao Xueqin's stone have all become cultural totems that express the mentality and emotions of literati. But Nalan Xingde identified lotus. His nickname is Langjiashan. It is reasonable for those who have a Zen connection to value lotus flowers. Where Nalan Xingde lived, there was water wherever he enjoyed himself, and the lotus in the water further cultivated the poet's temperament. There are ten miles of hibiscus beside Wengshan Mountain, there is Furong Hall at the foot of Yuquan Mountain, there are lotuses in the clear water next to Lushui Pavilion, there are still water marshes in the west garden ruins of Zaojiatun Pearl Garden, and white marble railings with lotus patterns were unearthed... This all shows that it is closely related to Nalan Xingde's life and creation, and it has always been with the poet's spirit.
Chinese literati throughout the ages pursued the understanding of material nature and linked it with philosophical concepts such as outlook on life and world view, guiding life and career, and turning it into art. It arises at the intersection of philosophical rationality and artistic passion. Nalan Xingde is no exception. He reflected his philosophical ideas in the form of poetry and outstanding art.
The Rise of Scenery
Many of Nalan Xingde's poems were written when he visited the scenic spots in the Xishan area of Beijing. Almost all traces of these places can be traced and their histories can be traced to this day. These emotions and emotions generated by the scenic spots and historical sites are well-founded. By observing the places where he writes, we can have a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the origins of Nalan Xingde's poetry creation, his rich knowledge of literature and history, and his accurate feelings about the image of objective things. Nalan Xingde once visited the "Eight Great Places" Baozhu Cave with Kangxi. His subordinate Xuan Ye looked from afar and wrote "Looking at the Sea Tide·Baozhu Cave", "Wind and rain in the desert, cold smoke and decaying grass, the rise and fall of the country. The mountains are empty in the daytime, and the night is clear, it is particularly desolate. The past is the most sad, thinking of the copper luo alleys and the scenery of the golden valley. There are several divorced palaces, and today, boys herd cattle and sheep. Desolate The sand is vast, there is a line of mulberry trees, and the snow is soaring. There is a smoke from the kitchen, and there is a dreamy rain. I can't help but look at the setting sun in the forest. I see chaotic clouds and low water, and the monks are eating at dusk, and the cold moon is blowing on their clothes. "Standing on the pavilion at the Baozhu Cave on the top of the mountain, it is appropriate to look south and east. Looking south, the line of Yongding River is as thin as a belt and yarn. The Xishan Alluvial Fan, formed by its millions of years of flooding and erosion, not only formed the Beijing Plain, but also had a vital influence on Beijing's ancient geography. Large expanses of barren sand and numerous mounds can still be seen on both sides of the river. Not far from the foot of the mountain are Babao Mountain, Laoshan, Tiancun Mountain and Shijing Mountain. The Han Dynasty tombs from two thousand years ago have long been unknown. At the foot of the mountain, the tomb of Princess Cuiwei of the Yuan Dynasty has disappeared without a trace. The burial place of noble relatives of the Ming Dynasty has been gradually replaced by the tombs of princes of the Qing Dynasty. Looking to the southeast, the ruined city walls of the Liao and Jin Dynasties are especially visible, and the purple air of the Ming and Qing Beijing City on the site of the Yuan Dynasty comes from the east. The Liao and Song Dynasties carried out the "Battle of Gaoliang River" in the area north of Huicheng Gate and Zizhuyuan. The Liao Army's cavalry rushed to support, causing the Song Army to collapse. The Jin soldiers captured Liao Youzhou City and built the central capital on it. After the people of Yuan Dynasty burned Jinzhongdu, they moved the city eastward and built the capital city. Historical changes, changes in dynasties, and the rise and fall of cities all aroused Nalan Xingde's infinite emotion. Nalan Xingde drove to Heilongtan in the West Mountain and wrote "Remembering Qin'e·Longtankou": "The mountains are overlapping, and the sky is cracked along the cliff. The sky is cracked, and the inscriptions on broken tablets are scratched with ancient moss. The wind and thunder are ringing with gold and iron, and the Jiaolong Cave at the bottom of the gloomy pond. The Jiaolong Cave is full of rise and fall, and the bright moon in the old days." Black Dragon Pond is located in the north of Huamei Mountain, under the northeastern stone cliff at the mouth of the mountain. The rocks here are green and black, the trees are bleak, and the shade is thick and moss-slippery. The spring water emerges from the bottom of the deep pool, such as: "Mountain is a journey, water is a journey" expresses the farewell feeling of relatives; "Walking to the bank of Yuguan" stirs up the heroic sentiments of "Flying thousands of miles to join the army, and passing through the mountains is like flying"; "Lights thousands of feet deep in the night" give birth to the strong and magnificent sentiments of "the solitary smoke is straight in the desert, and the sun is setting in the long river".This triple jump of emotion not only reflects the poet's deep attachment to his hometown, but also reflects his ambition to make contributions. A young man in his twenties, who is in his prime, comes from a wealthy and scholarly family, and has a privileged position as the emperor's personal bodyguard. Naturally, he has a broad vision and extraordinary insights, and his ambition to make contributions will definitely be stronger than others. But it is precisely because of this special identity that he has a reserved and introverted character. He cannot say what he wants to say directly, so he has to resort to the method of affection between children to reflect his complicated inner world in a tortuous and subtle way. This was also an important reason for his untimely death.
"Drinking Words"
Dream Jiangnan
When the crows are gone, who does Xiaoli hate? The sudden snow turns over the Xiang Pavilion catkins, the breeze blows the Danpingmei, and the word "Heart" has turned to ashes.
Nalan Xingde
Bodhisattva Man
A few leaves are blown by the wind and rain, and it is more painful to live away from others. I sleep on my pillow for several autumns, and the toad sings his string early.
I was frightened by the cold night, and my tears and lantern flowers fell. Everywhere is sad, the light dust is in Yuqin.
And
The flowers have not yet rested, and the slave drum has been played. When I wake up from the drunkenness, I can already see the remaining red dancing. I couldn't bear to cover the rest of my wine glass, and cried several times in the face of the wind.
The pink fragrance looks away but the moon is left empty. The moon is also different at that time, and the hair on the temples is shining miserably.
And
The spring clouds blow away the rain on the Xiang curtain, and the sticky butterflies fly back. People are in the jade tower, the building is high and the wind blows from all sides.
A handful of willow tobacco shreds, a dark color covering the mandarin duck tiles. Rest close to Xiaolangan, where the setting sun is infinite.
∣ Liang Yan returns from both sides, with long and drooping veins.
The mountains of Xiaoping are far away, and the makeup is thin and the lead is light. Standing on the Yao ladder alone, wearing gold-threaded shoes through the cold.
And
The crystal curtain is a sad white, and the clouds and fragrant mist are far away. Speechless to ask for more clothes, the moon is already in the west.
The west wind whistles and the weft is heard, and no one is allowed to sleep in sorrow. Just last autumn, I felt like crying.
Linjiang Immortal
Bit by bit Bajiao was heartbroken, and her voice reminded her of the past. When I want to sleep, I still display old books. Yuanyang's small characters are still written with a rusty hand.
Tired eyes suddenly looked down and blurred, half blurred when I looked at them again. There is a solitary lamp in the cold rain in the secluded window. After all the materials and love are exhausted, is there still love but no love?
Also
There was a personal appointment last night, and Yan Chengyu missed the third update. A crescent moon and a few sparse stars. It's late at night and people are still awake, and mice are watching the lamps.
It turned out that Qu Tang was blocked by the wind and wrongly taught people to hate ruthlessness. There was silence outside the small corridor. Several times when the intestines are broken, the wind blows to protect the flower bells.
poppies
The love of spring is only as thin as the pear blossoms, and the pieces fall off. Why is the setting sun so close to dusk? There are still unawakened souls in the world.
"Silver paper says goodbye to the dream at that time, and the secret ribbon is the same as the heart." I am a dreamer for Yi Fan, and I often draw pictures to call out the truth at night.
Nalan Xingde
And
We meet again in the depths of Qulan, crying and trembling. After a desolate farewell, the two echoed each other, the most unbearable resentment in the bright moonlight.
I have slept alone for half my life, and the mountain pillow is stained with sandalwood. What is the most fascinating thing in my memory? The first trick is to draw a skirt.
Also
The silver bed is filled with asphalt and the old man is on the verge of death. When picking incense, I miss money everywhere, but I can't help but regret finding green leaves.
The cloister is an inch of lovesickness, and the setting moon becomes a solitary lean. The backlight and the moon are in the shadow of the flowers. It has been ten years of traces and ten years of heart.
Again (Walking on an Autumn Night)
The ground is covered with traces of sorrow, no one can care about it, and the shadows on the dew-wet rims are covered with shadows. The small steps on the idle steps are more desolate. There is still the old moonlight in Xiaoxiang.
A change of heart is the result of passion and tiredness, and the twists and turns are heartbreaking. The words on the red paper are blurred against the wall, and I recall that I was stroking my hands in front of the lamp as a book of Yi.
The clouds and pine order on the temples
The pillow is fragrant, and the flowers are leaking through the path. We met as promised and chatted after dusk. The season is thin and cold, people are sick and drinking wine, shoveling pear blossoms on the ground, thinning in the east wind all night long.
Hidden silver screen, hanging green sleeves. Where the flute is played, the tenderness of the pulse is slightly teased. The moon is bright and red cardamom is broken, the moon is like that time, and the people are like that time?
Mourning for the death of Qing Shishi
I have been extremely sad lately, who can keep me updated? Paying for teaching, green windows and red tears, early geese and early orioles.
I appreciated it at the time but lost it now, which is always a loss of sentimentality. Suddenly I suspect that you have arrived, the wind blows from the painted lanterns, and I count the spring stars crazily.
Three days before the Double Ninth Festival on the spring day of Qinyuan, I dreamed that the deceased woman was dressed in plain clothes, holding her hands and choking, saying too many words that she could no longer remember.But there is a parting saying: "I wish I could be the moon in the sky, and I still get to meet Lang every year." The woman has never written poetry, and I don't know how she got it. I remember that when the embroidered couch was idle, the wind played with the rain; at the bend of the carved lantern, they both leaned against the setting sun. Dreams are hard to keep, poems cannot be continued, and I will cry even more if I win. The remains are there, but they are only turned around, but they are not allowed to be looked at.
Rediscovering the vast blue sky. If you have short hair, you will definitely have frost in the morning. The relationship between earth and heaven has not been broken; spring flowers and autumn leaves are still hurt when touched. I want to tie up my preparations, but I am shocked and shaken off, and the yesterday's fragrance of Xun's clothes is reduced. It's really helpless, the sound of the beautiful sound is next to the flute, and the music is composed of the ileum.
It was a windy and rainy night on the fourth day of the seventh lunar month in Zhonghao, and tomorrow was the late wife's birthday
The dust covered the sparse curtains and the curtains were floating, making it a dark and pitiful night. I secretly wiped my tears from my green shirt several times, and suddenly I saw green emerald green leaves next to the rhinoceros box.
Only hatred turns to boredom. The flowers are still falling at the fifth watch. Withered poplar leaves are hard to cut off, and the cold rain and cold wind are beating the painted bridge.
